[Federal Register: August 30, 2010 (Volume 75, Number 167)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 53153-53169]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr30au10-16]
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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
48 CFR Parts 2, 5, 25, and 52
[FAC 2005-45; FAR Case 2009-008; Item III; Docket 2009-0008, Sequence
1]
RIN 9000-AL22
Federal Acquisition Regulation; American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the Recovery Act)--Buy American Requirements
for Construction Material
AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DoD), General Services Administration
(GSA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense
Acquisition Regulations Council (the Councils) have adopted as final,
with changes, an interim rule amending the Federal Acquisition
Regulation (FAR) to implement the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) with respect to the ``Buy American--Recovery
Act'' provision, section 1605 in Division A.
DATES: Effective Date: October 1, 2010.
Applicability Date: The rule applies to solicitations issued and
contracts awarded on or after the effective date of this rule.
Contracting officers shall modify, on a bilateral basis, in accordance
with FAR 1.108(d)(3), existing contracts to include the appropriate FAR
clause for future work, if Recovery Act funds will be used. In the
event that a contractor refuses to accept such a modification, the
contractor will not be eligible for award of any work that uses
Recovery Act funds.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For clarification of content, contact
Ms. Cecelia L. Davis, Procurement Analyst, at (202) 219-0202. For
information pertaining to status or publication schedules, contact the
Regulatory Secretariat at (202) 501-4755. Please cite FAC 2005-45, FAR
case 2009-008.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
A. Background
This final rule implements the unique ``Buy American--Recovery
Act'' provision, section 1605 of the Recovery Act, by revising FAR
subpart 25.6, and related provisions and clauses at FAR part 52, with
conforming changes to FAR subparts 2.1, 5.2, 25.0, and 25.11. An
interim rule was published in the Federal Register at 74 FR 14623,
March 31, 2009. The public comment period ended June 1, 2009.
As required by section 1605, the final rule makes it clear that
there will be full compliance with U.S. obligations under all
international trade agreements when undertaking construction covered by
such agreements with Recovery Act funds. The new required provisions
and clauses implement U.S. obligations under our trade agreements in
the same way as they are currently implemented in non-Recovery Act
construction contracts. The Caribbean Basin countries are excluded from
the definition of ``Recovery Act designated country,'' because the
treatment provided to them is not as a result of a U.S. international
obligation.
B. Discussion and Analysis
The Regulatory Secretariat received 35 responses, but 2 responses
lacked attached comments and 1 response appeared unrelated to the case.
The responses included multiple comments on a wide range of issues
addressed in the interim rule. Each issue is discussed by topic in the
following sections.
Table of Contents
1. Comments on Section 1605 of the Recovery Act
2. Applicability of Section 1605 of the Recovery Act
a. Relation to the Buy American Act
b. Applicability to Construction Projects/Contracts
c. Applicability to Construction Materials or Supplies
d. Manufacture vs. Substantial Transformation or Tariff Shift
e. Iron and Steel
f. Components
g. Summary Matrix of Requirements for Domestic Construction
Material
3. Applicability of International Agreements
a. Trade Agreements
b. G20 Summit Pledge
4. Other Definitions
a. Construction Material
b. Public Building or Public Work
c. Manufactured Construction Material/Unmanufactured
Construction Material
5. Exceptions
a. Class Exceptions
b. Public Interest
c. Nonavailability
d. Unreasonable Cost
6. Determinations That an Exception Applies
a. Process and Publication
b. Requests for Specific Exceptions
7. Exemption for Acquisitions Below the Simplified Acquisition
Threshold
8. Remedies for Noncompliance
9. Funding Mechanisms
a. Modifications to Existing Contracts
b. Treatment of Mixed Funding
10. Interim Rule Improper
11. Inconsistencies Between This Rule and Pre-Existing FAR Rule and
the OMB Grants Guidance
a. Inconsistency With Pre-Existing FAR
b. Inconsistency With the OMB Grants Guidance
12. Need for Additional Guidance
1. Comments on Section 1605 of the Recovery Act
Comments: Although the respondents expressed general support for
the goals of the Recovery Act to stimulate the U.S. economy, many were
concerned about the Recovery Act Buy American restrictions of section
1605. For example:
Several entities representing other countries objected to the
potential restrictions on trade. They alleged that the Recovery Act Buy
American requirement in section 1605 is not in conformity with the U.S.
pledge to refrain from raising new barriers in the framework of the
Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy, November 2008, and
the G20 pledge, April 2009. They alleged that it will have a negative
impact on the world trade and economy. One respondent stated that it is
not rational for the U.S. to take trade protection actions such as the
``Buy American--Recovery Act'' provision, because it will not be useful
for the American and global economy in promoting recovery from the
current downturn. Another respondent stated that, to the extent 1605
imposes more restrictive requirements than previously existed, it
represents a new barrier to trade in goods between the United States
and Canada. One respondent found several aspects of section 1605
problematic because of their ``inherent lack of clarity.''
Some United States industry associations also had concerns about
section 1605. One objected that the real-life burdens of complying with
these country-of-origin requirements cannot be overstated. This
respondent concluded that, where the U.S. Government places a premium
on
[[Page 53154]]
promoting its important socio-economic goals, this requires companies
interested in selling in the Federal marketplace to segregate their
inventories based on country of origin and implement costly compliance
regimes. Another respondent noted a risk that the Recovery Act Buy
American provisions may have numerous unintended consequences on the
United States and harm American workers and companies and the global
economy. A third respondent commented that ``Congress' well-meaning
intentions, like all protectionist measures, could inadvertently hurt
the downstream U.S. users.''
Response: Comments on the merits of section 1605 of the Recovery
Act are outside the scope of this case, because the Councils cannot
change the law.
This final rule is focused on the optimal implementation of section
1605 in the FAR, i.e., the Councils have attempted to find the balance
between domestic-sourcing requirements and simplicity and clarity of
implementation, so that the rule does not become so onerous that it
does more harm than good to U.S. industry.
2. Applicability of Section 1605 of the Recovery Act
a. Relation to the Buy American Act
There are two main issues raised by respondents with regard to the
applicability of the Buy American Act in contracts funded with Recovery
Act funds.
i. Does the Buy American Act apply to manufactured construction
material used in Recovery Act projects?
Comments: A few respondents contended that the Buy American Act
still applies to goods covered by section 1605 of the Recovery Act--
that both standards must be met. These respondents objected that the
interim rule deviated from existing law and regulations that should
still govern the purchase of goods covered by the Recovery Act.
According to these respondents, any final rule must, at a minimum,
preserve the basic requirements of assembly in the United States and
the 51 percent domestic component rule, because the Buy American Act
still applies. Another respondent claimed that this rule cannot waive
the Buy American Act's component test without additional authority.
Response: The Recovery Act sets out specific domestic source
restrictions for iron, steel, and manufactured goods incorporated into
Recovery Act construction projects. In many ways, these restrictions
mirror the Buy American Act, but there are specific differences (no
component test, different standards for unreasonable cost, no exception
for impracticable, etc.). The Councils and OMB determined that it was
reasonable to interpret section 1605 as including all of the ``Buy
American--Recovery Act'' restrictions that Congress intended to apply
to iron, steel, and manufactured goods covered by the Recovery Act,
i.e., these goods are not also covered by the Buy American Act. Since
Congress was clearly aware of the Buy American Act when creating the
Recovery Act domestic source restrictions and exceptions, if Congress
had wanted the component test or other aspects of the Buy American Act
to apply, they would have included them. Congress incorporated those
aspects of the Buy American Act that they wanted to apply, and excluded
or modified those aspects that they did not want to apply. The Councils
have determined that section 1605 of the Recovery Act supersedes the
Buy American Act with regard to the acquisition of manufactured
construction materials used on a project funded with Recovery Act
funds. Therefore, the component test does not apply to construction
material used in projects funded by the Recovery Act.
ii. Does the Buy American Act apply to unmanufactured construction
material used in Recovery Act projects?
Comments: Several non-U.S. respondents objected that the interim
rule applies the Buy American Act to unmanufactured construction
material. One of them stated that the interim rule has expanded the
scope of the Recovery Act by way of arbitrary interpretation and
constitutes an unjustified limitation of the use of foreign
unmanufactured construction materials, given that the use of foreign
unmanufactured construction materials is not prohibited by the Recovery
Act. A respondent believed that ``statutory authority does not exist to
extend the provisions required by section 1605 to unmanufactured
goods'' and asked that this be struck from the final rule. Another
objected that the additional 6 percent evaluation factor applied to
unmanufactured construction material is only stipulated in the FAR, and
should not be permitted under the spirit of the ``G20 Statement.''
Response: Section 1605 did not address unmanufactured construction
material. The interim rule coverage of unmanufactured construction
material is not based on extending the coverage of section 1605, but on
continuing to apply the Buy American Act to that material not covered
by the Recovery Act.
b. Applicability to Construction Projects/Contracts
i. How To Identify a ``Construction'' Contract
Comments: A respondent wanted to know whether the contracting
agency will be required to affirmatively stipulate whether a contract
is considered a ``construction'' contract and require that this
language be flowed down to subcontractors.
Response: Construction contracts are easily identifiable by the
presence of construction provisions and clauses in the solicitation and
contract, such as the clauses prescribed in FAR subpart 36.5 as well as
the Buy American Act provisions and clauses for construction contracts
in FAR clauses 52.225-9 through 52.225-12 or now the Recovery Act Buy
American, FAR provisions at 52.225-21 through 52.225-24. It is the
responsibility of the prime contractor to comply with contract clauses
and impose on subcontractors whatever conditions are necessary to
enable the prime contractor to meet the contract requirements.
ii. Use of terms ``contract'' and ``project''
Comments: Two respondents contended that the interim rule is
unclear in several places regarding the scope of coverage because the
terms ``projects'' and ``contracts'' appear to be used interchangeably.
FAR 25.602(a) states that ``None of the funds appropriated
or otherwise made available by the Recovery Act may be used for a
project for the construction, alteration, maintenance or repair of a
public building or public work * * *''
FAR 25.603(c), implementing the Trade Agreements Act,
states that ``For construction contracts with an estimated acquisition
value * * *''
FAR 52.225-21(b)(2) states, ``The contractor shall use
only domestic construction material in performing this contract * *
*.''
Response: Construction ``project'' is often a more inclusive term
than construction ``contract.'' Large construction projects may involve
more than one construction contract. The term ``project'' may also be
used to denote a segment of a contract, if the funds are clearly
segregated. To clarify this meaning, the Councils have added a
statement in the policy section at FAR 25.602 and also clarified in the
provision and clause prescriptions at FAR 25.1102(e)(2) that the
contract must indicate if the Recovery Act provision
[[Page 53155]]
and clause only apply to certain line items in the contract.
The scope of this rule is established, in accordance with section
1605(a) of the Recovery Act, as applying restrictions to ``a project
for the construction, alteration, maintenance, or repair of a public
building or public work.'' The final rule has clarified at FAR 25.602
that the agency determines the scope of the project and conveys this to
the contractor through the specified applicability of the Recovery Act
provision and clause in the contract.
However, the statute can only be implemented through clauses that
go into a specific construction contract. Each contract can only impose
requirements applicable to that particular contract. Therefore, the
term ``contract'' is used when the interim rule is addressing a
requirement that is specific to a contractor or contract, particularly
as used in the provisions and clauses.
c. Applicability to Construction Materials or Supplies
i. Equating ``Manufactured Goods Used in the Project'' to
``Construction Material''
Comments: There were many concerns about the interpretation in the
interim rule of the applicability of section 1605 to manufactured
goods, namely that the rule equates manufactured goods used in the
project to construction material.
A respondent contended that the narrow interpretation of
manufactured goods ``ignores common sense and well-established
precedent.'' According to the respondent, the rule equates manufactured
goods to construction material and limits the applicability to
construction materials that are incorporated into a public building or
work.
Another respondent stated that the rule should apply to all
manufactured goods--not just construction materials, contending that
manufactured goods ``used in the project'' means ``all hazmat suits,
tool belts, masks, tarps, covers, safety straps, construction clothing,
gloves, etc. purchased by the contractor as part of doing the work.''
A respondent stated that regulations for public works projects must
require that all manufactured goods, including textile products, must
be manufactured in the United States, as intended by the Recovery Act.
On the other hand, a respondent expressed concern that the
perceived requirement that all manufactured products on the
construction site are covered is proving disastrous for American
equipment manufacturers. This respondent stated that construction
equipment manufacturers provide the machines that improve operations
and reduce costs of any infrastructure project. The process to verify
and prove 100 percent U.S. content of each piece of equipment is
onerous.
Some respondents expressed support for the Councils' approach in
FAR subpart 25.6 of treating iron, steel, and manufactured goods as
another way of describing ``construction material: As that term has
been understood and applied with respect to 41 U.S.C. 10a-10d in FAR
subpart 25.2 and its associated clauses.''
Response: One of the goals in implementation of the Recovery Act
was to make the definitions and procedures as close to existing FAR
definitions and procedures as possible, except where differences are
required by the Recovery Act.
Therefore, when applied to a construction contract, FAR subpart
25.6 and the associated construction clauses use the standard
definition of ``construction material'' at FAR 25.003 that is familiar
to contractors and contracting officers. There is a long series of
Government Accountability Office (GAO) decisions and case law that then
can be applied without completely starting over. For use in a
construction contract, the Councils interpreted ``manufactured goods
used in the project'' to be comparable to the long-standing definition
of ``construction material'' as an ``article, material, or supply
brought to the construction site by the contractor or a subcontractor
for incorporation into the building or work.'' Review of the existing
case law clarifies the many possible nuances relating to construction
material and its delivery to the site. Rather than ``ignoring well
established precedent,'' the Councils relied on well-established
precedent. The FAR has never applied domestic source restrictions to
such items as hazmat suits, tool belts, masks, tarps, covers, safety
straps, construction clothing, and gloves, which are used in a
construction project by the contractor but are not incorporated into
the construction project. Further, the interim rule did not apply the
Recovery Act Buy American requirement of section 1605 to equipment used
at the construction site, because it is not incorporated into the
construction project. These items are not deliverables to the
Government, but remain the property of the contractor. The contractor
may already have purchased these items before commencement of the
contract, and may continue to use them on subsequent contracts.
Therefore, their purchase is not generally subject to restrictions in
the terms of the contract.
ii. Applicability to Supplies Purchased by the Government
Comment: One respondent expressed concern that the interim rule, in
the definition of construction material, stated that manufactured goods
that are purchased by the Government are supplies and, therefore,
excluded from the definition of manufactured goods, as used in section
1605.
Response: The statement that items purchased by the Government are
supplies, not construction material, has been a standard part of the
definition of construction material for many years. It is a true
statement that items purchased by the Government are not ``construction
material'' as it is defined in the FAR. However, section 1605 does
require that all manufactured goods incorporated into the project must
be produced in the United States, whether purchased by the contractor
as construction material or purchased by the Government as an item of
supply. If the Government directly purchases manufactured goods and
delivers them to the site for incorporation into the project, such
material must comply with the ``Buy American--Recovery Act''
restriction of section 1605, even though it is not construction
material as defined in the FAR. The final rule clarifies this in the
policy section. Furthermore, for added clarity, the final rule deletes
from the definition of ``construction material'' in FAR clauses 52.225-
21 and 52.225-23 the phrase about items purchased by the Government not
being construction material, because it appears to cause confusion and
because the information about actions the Government may take is not
pertinent to the contractor for performance of the construction
contract.
iii. Contractor-Purchased Supplies for Delivery to the Government
Comments: A respondent requested that the final rule clarify that,
to the extent purchases of supplies made with Recovery Act funds are
not covered as construction material, they are subject to normal Buy
American Act/Trade Agreements Act requirements.
Response: Contractor-purchased supplies that are for delivery to
the Government, not for incorporation into the project, continue to be
covered by the pre-existing FAR regulations on the Buy American Act and
trade agreements, as applicable. This rule only applies to construction
contracts funded with Recovery Act funds or
[[Page 53156]]
supplies purchased by the Government for incorporation into the
project.
d. Manufacture vs. Substantial Transformation or Tariff Shift
There were many comments on the issue of manufacture and
substantial transformation.
i. Buy American Act and Substantial Transformation
Comments: Several respondents believed that the Buy American Act
includes a requirement for substantial transformation. One respondent
stated that the rule should use the ``long-standing definition'' of a
domestic manufactured good, i.e., final substantial transformation must
occur in the United States. Another respondent stated that the Buy
American Act of 1933 includes a substantial transformation test. A
respondent also stated that the Buy American Act requires substantial
transformation in the United States. The respondent was concerned that
the interim rule only requires assembly in the United States.
Response: Whether or not the Buy American Act requires
``manufacture'' or ``substantial transformation'' is not directly
relevant to this rule, but only might be used as a matter of comparison
for interpretation of section 1605. The Councils have determined that
the Buy American Act does not apply to manufactured construction
material. Many of the respondents, whether contending that the Buy
American Act still applies or using the Buy American Act for purposes
of comparison and interpretation, have misinterpreted the Buy American
Act. The Buy American Act includes the requirement for domestic
manufactured goods to be ``manufactured'' in the United States. This
term has been used consistently in the FAR as the first prong of the
test for domestic manufactured end products and construction material.
There is no substantial transformation test included in the Buy
American Act. The term ``substantial transformation'' only comes into
the FAR to implement trade agreements. The rule of origin for
designated country end products and designated country construction
material requires products to be wholly the product of, or be
``substantially transformed'' in the designated country. Even under
trade agreements, there is no requirement for substantial
transformation of products produced in the United States, because U.S.-
made end products are not designated country products. Actually, the
definition of ``U.S.-made end product'' allows either ``substantial
transformation'' or ``manufacture'' in the United States to qualify as
a U.S.-made end product, because the Buy American Act has been waived
for U.S.-made end products when the World Trade Organization Government
Procurement Agreement applies. However, this is not the case for
domestic construction material. Even when trade agreements apply,
domestic construction material must meet the Buy American requirements
of domestic manufacture, not substantial transformation. Therefore,
those respondents who argue that the Buy American Act requires
substantial transformation are simply wrong.
ii. Should ``manufacture'' in this rule include the standard of
substantial transformation?
Comment: Further elaborating on substantial transformation, two
respondents recommended that the Councils should adopt a clear rule
defining the concept of domestic manufacture consistent with the
``well-established standard'' of substantial transformation as the
first part of the two-pronged test for domestic construction material.
The respondent stated that the rule should not confer domestic status
simply as a result of minor processing or mere assembly in the United
States. According to these respondents, by not adopting substantial
transformation, the interim rule has created ambiguity. These
respondents pointed out a clear administrative process in the Federal
Government for making substantial transformation determinations. They
also stated that U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Customs) considers
the totality of the circumstances and makes determinations on a case-
by-case basis. The respondents questioned why the interim rule omitted
any reference to substantial transformation.
Three respondents recommended allowing either manufacture (perhaps
combined with the component test) or substantial transformation.
According to one of the respondents, allowing both models to determine
when a product has been manufactured in the United States ensures
greatest flexibility. This respondent believed that this is only
relevant below the Trade Agreements Act threshold, i.e., above the
threshold, the requirements defined under those pre-existing
regulations would apply.
Response: Section 1605 of the Recovery Act does not require
substantial transformation. It requires that manufactured goods be
``produced'' in the United States. The Councils have interpreted the
law to equate ``production'' of manufactured goods to ``manufacture.''
To the extent that the Recovery Act domestic source restriction is
worded consistently with the Buy American Act, it is reasonable to
implement in a similar fashion. ``Substantial transformation'' has
never been applied in the FAR to domestic construction material, just
to designated country construction material that is subject to trade
agreements.
Therefore, the final rule continues to utilize the FAR language
that parallels the pre-existing construction contract definition of
domestic construction material, requiring manufacture in the United
States.
iii. Definition of Manufacture
Comments: Other respondents were concerned about the definition of
``manufacture.'' A respondent stated that the interim rule does not
provide a clear definition of what constitutes manufacture, i.e., how
to determine whether sufficient activity has taken place in the United
States for a material to be considered produced in the United States.
Likewise, two respondents noted the various interpretations of
``manufacture,'' i.e., some believe it is similar or identical in
concept to substantial transformation under Customs' rules, while
others believe it is closer to the Buy American Act--Construction
clause test for manufacture. One of these respondents asked that the
final rule clarify the definition. Yet another respondent stated that,
although the rule does not define ``manufacture,'' the regulations
suggest that the test will be similar to the requirement of U.S.
manufacture applied under the Buy American Act. This may in some cases
be less demanding than the substantial transformation test, which
examines whether an article is transformed into a new and different
article of commerce, having a new name, character, and use.
Response: The Councils have considered in the past including a
definition of ``manufacture'' in the FAR but did not do so because of
the case-specific nature of its application. The definition may be
different for canned beans than for an aircraft. However, for those who
find the word ``manufacture'' confusing and cite the long-standing
tradition of interpretation of ``substantial transformation,'' there is
also a longstanding record of interpretation of ``manufacture'' under
the Buy American Act. (See for example B-175633 of November 3, 1975,
which addressed the issue of whether a radio had been manufactured in
the United States. The GAO did not find against the Army position that,
if the final manufacturing process takes place in the United States,
the end product is ``manufactured in the United States.'')
[[Page 53157]]
iv. Tariff Shift
Comments: A respondent proposed that the rules of origin under 19
CFR part 102, currently used for NAFTA country-of-origin
determinations, be applied to decisions regarding whether construction
materials are considered domestic. According to the respondent, Customs
is currently proposing that the CFR part 102 rules (also known as
``tariff shift'' rules) be applied for all country-of-origin
determinations (See Federal Register at 73 FR 43385, July 25, 2008).
Tariff shift rules consider the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States classification of the article before and after
manufacturing. If the classification shifts, then the article takes on
a new country of origin.
Response: Companies that contract with the Government are
accustomed to the well-established meaning of the term ``manufacture''
as applied under the Buy American Act and now the Recovery Act.
e. Iron and Steel
i. Similarity to Federal Transportation Laws
Comments: Three respondents pointed out that the section 1605
restrictions on iron and steel are similar to the Recovery Act Buy
American requirements within the statutory and regulatory framework of
Federal transportation laws (U.S. Department of Transportation highways
and transit program), which mandate that 100 percent of the iron and
steel used in a project be domestically manufactured and also impose
comparable standards of unreasonable cost.
Response: The drafters of the FAR interim rule recognized the
similarity to the restrictions applicable to the Federal Transit
Administration, and modeled the FAR interim rule restriction on iron
and steel after 49 CFR part 661, ``Buy America Requirements.''
ii. 51 Percent Component Test
Comments: One respondent wanted the FAR to go back to the 51
percent component test of the Buy American Act for what constitutes
iron and steel products manufactured in the United States in order to
ensure compliance with our international agreements, assist in getting
projects started, limit delays, and ensure competition.
Response: Reverting to the 51 percent component test of the Buy
American Act to determine what constitutes iron or steel products
manufactured in the United States would not fully implement section
1605 of the Recovery Act. Section 1605 singled out iron and steel. In
addition to requiring that manufactured construction material be
manufactured in the United States, the law requires that the iron and
steel also be produced in the United States. If the 51 percent
component test of the Buy American Act were sufficient, then it would
have been unnecessary to impose section 1605 at all. The Recovery Act
could have continued to apply the Buy American Act without revision.
iii. Iron or Steel as a Component of Construction Material That
Consists Wholly or Predominantly of Iron or Steel
Comments: One respondent also requested clarification that
construction materials (such as welded steel pipe) that are produced in
the United States using steel that was rolled in the United States from
foreign slab are ``produced in the United States'' within the meaning
of the Recovery Act.
A respondent stated that the FAR rule should allow contractors to
utilize imported steel slab as raw material feed stock--and
substantially transform that slab in the United States into flat rolled
steel (hot rolled, cold rolled, galvanized, etc.) products, which in
turn are used by other manufacturers to produce a wide variety of
construction materials. Absent such an approach, construction material
using these steel products could be deemed foreign construction
materials, simply because the steel slab from which it was made was
imported. According to the respondent, this will result in U.S. buyers
shying away from these U.S. manufactured construction materials, thus
eliminating U.S. jobs.
Another respondent, a carbon steel finishing mill, was concerned
that steel can be either the construction material itself or a
component of some other manufactured product (such as welded steel
pipe). The respondent noted that a manufactured good may consist of
only one component.
One respondent approved of the distinction between ``steel used as
a construction material'' and ``steel used in a construction material''
but requested clarification of the boundaries of these two categories
in the final rule. The respondent proposed that the boundary should be
between--
Steel goods delivered to the construction site directly
from a steel mill (or its warehouse distributor) (e.g., structural
steel items (H-beams, I-beams, etc.), reinforcing rod, and plate); and
Steel goods that have been further processed from
intermediate, non-construction material products produced by a steel
mill, into manufactured goods delivered to the construction site.
Alternatively, the respondent offered another definition of ``steel
used in a construction material''--``all steel goods except steel goods
delivered to the construction site directly from a steel mill (or its
warehouse/distributor) for use as a construction material.''
Response: The Councils agree that a clearer distinction is required
for circumstances when the Recovery Act Buy American restriction of
section 1605 applies to iron or steel components. The intent of the
interim rule was not to draw a line between iron or steel used as a
construction material, and iron or steel used in a construction
material, as suggested by one respondent, but between construction
material that consisted wholly or predominantly of iron or steel and
construction material in which iron or steel are minor components. The
suggestion that manufactured steel goods not delivered to the
construction site directly from the mill should be exempt would not be
fulfilling the intent of the law. On the other hand, the requirement
that every piece of iron and steel, no matter how miniscule, must be
melted and rolled in the United States, would be quite unworkable, and
would be counterproductive to the overall intent of the law.
The interim rule separated manufactured construction material into
two main categories: Iron or steel used as a construction material and
``other'' manufactured construction material. The interim rule made
clear that manufactured construction material that consisted wholly of
iron or steel must be produced in the United States, including all
stages of production except metallurgical processes involving
refinement of steel additives. It also stated that ``other''
manufactured construction material would require manufacture in the
United States, but imposed no requirement on the components or
subcomponents in this category of ``other'' manufactured construction
material.
The interim rule is not clear, however, with regard to treatment of
construction material that consists predominantly, but not wholly, of
iron or steel. Some respondents assumed that all construction material
would fall in the ``other'' category unless it was wholly of iron or
steel. Others interpreted, as was intended, that the ``other'' category
was to cover material which did not consist wholly or predominantly of
iron or steel.
The Councils re-examined the requirement of the statute and how
best to convey these requirements in the regulations. Because iron and
steel are singled out for specific mention in the
[[Page 53158]]
statute, the Councils conclude that a primary objective of the Act is
to promote the use of domestic iron and steel. The Councils have
determined that a clearer way to express the requirements of the law
would be to interpret the requirement for iron or steel to be produced
in the United States as being in addition to (rather than a subset of)
the requirement for all manufactured construction material to be
manufactured in the United States. The statute did not include the word
``other.'' All manufactured construction material must be manufactured
in the United States. This interpretation supports the requirement that
iron or steel, whether or not it has reached the stage of being
manufactured construction material, must be produced at all stages in
the United States. This is similar to some other domestic source
restrictions on particular materials or components such as the
restrictions on domestic melting or production of specialty metals at
10 U.S.C. 2533b. The intent of the Councils was to balance full
implementation of the law with feasibility of compliance. Therefore,
the final rule applies this restriction on domestic production of iron
and steel only when the iron or steel is a component of construction
material that consists wholly or predominantly of iron or steel. (The
respondent was correct that there may be just one component in a
construction material).
In view of this policy clarification, the proposal to treat foreign
slab as a ``component'' of other manufactured goods, not requiring
production in the United States, is not acceptable, because the
resultant construction material consists wholly or predominantly of
iron or steel, and allowing foreign slab would not meet the objectives
of the law.
The Councils have made changes to the policy at FAR 25.602 to
clarify the restriction on the production of iron and steel and have
revised the definitions of ``domestic construction material'' in FAR
25.601 and paragraph (a) of the FAR clauses at 52.225-21 and 52.225-23,
specifying that all of the iron or steel in manufactured construction
material that consists wholly or predominantly of iron or steel shall
be produced in the United States, but the origin of the raw materials
of the iron or steel is not restricted.
iv. Iron or Steel as Components of Manufactured Construction Material
That Does Not Consist Wholly or Predominantly of Iron or Steel
Comments: Some respondents objected to the provision in the interim
rule that the Recovery Act Buy American restriction does not apply to
iron or steel used as components of other manufactured goods. One
respondent stated that the Recovery Act Buy American requirements of
section 1605 must apply to all iron and steel, including all iron and
steel components and subcomponents used in manufactured construction
material. One respondent believed that this provision of the interim
rule creates a loophole, in that the use of foreign steel reinforcing
bar (rebar) used in concrete slab would be allowed, because the steel
rebar would be considered a component of a manufactured product (the
concrete slab).
On the other hand, a different respondent believed that the fact
that the regulations permit foreign steel or iron used as components or
subcomponents of other manufactured construction material to be
considered domestic construction materials as long as the manufacturing
is done in the United States is a sound and practical decision. This
respondent commented that the rule allows U.S. companies flexibility to
prudently source from both American and foreign vendors to manage
costs, while promoting U.S. manufacture.
Response: The interim rule would not allow foreign steel rebar (as
a component of concrete slab) because the rule applies to construction
material brought to the construction site. The steel rebar is brought
separately to the construction site and is therefore itself
construction material, not a component of the concrete slab, which is
poured and formed on the construction site.
As stated in the prior section, iron and steel components are only
exempt from the restriction of section 1605 if the construction
material does not consist wholly or predominantly of iron or steel.
f. Components
Comments: Three respondents agreed with the interim rule approach
of not including a requirement relating to the origin of components.
They argue that an expansive and practical definition of manufactured
goods is needed to allow the contractor leeway in getting the project
done on time and within budget.
Many other respondents strongly argued for inclusion of a
``component test,'' often citing the Buy American Act as a precedent.
One respondent stated that the costs of all the domestic
components in the final product must exceed 50 percent of the cost of
all the components.
A respondent stated that Congress' deliberate inclusion of
the term ``manufactured goods'' was plainly intended to be under the
precedent established under the Buy American Act. Yet another
respondent stated that the interim rule does not meet the requirements
of section 1605 because domestic content requirements for components
and subcomponents parts have been omitted. This respondent also
objected that the interim rule has ignored a long history of applying a
domestic content rule in determining if a good is produced in the
United States for purposes of enforcing domestic source restrictions.
According to the respondent, OMB acknowledges that the two-part test
relied upon is from the Buy American Act, then simply waives the
domestic content part of the 1933 Act's text. Desiring an expeditious
flow of funding cannot trump the statutory requirement to procure
domestically produced goods. Longstanding interpretation of domestic
manufactured goods under the Buy American Act also comports with
Congressional intent to save and create manufacturing jobs.
A respondent was disturbed that the interim rule
explicitly rejected the use of a component test, one of the minimal Buy
American Act standards for rule of origin. The respondent contended
that allowing for the use of non-domestic component parts will have a
significant impact on the job-creation ability of the stimulus.
Two respondents stated that the Councils should adopt a
clear rule defining the concept of domestic manufacture consistent with
the well-established standard of substantial transformation and a 50
percent component content standard (by cost). The FAR should not confer
domestic status simply as a result of minor processing or mere assembly
in the United States.
Response: The Councils in the interim rule did not, as respondents
claim, acknowledge dependence on the two-prong Buy American Act test
and then waive the component test. The Councils relied on the
difference in wording between section 1605 and the Buy American Act.
The preamble to the interim rule specifically stated: ``Because section
1605 does not specify a requirement that significantly all the
components of construction material must also be domestic, as does the
Buy American Act, the definition of domestic construction material
under this interim rule does not include a requirement relating to the
origin of the components of domestic manufactured construction
material'' (see Federal Register at 74 FR 14624, March 31, 2009). The
Buy American Act requires manufacture in the United States
``substantially all from articles,
[[Page 53159]]
materials, or supplies mined, produced, or manufactured * * * in the
United States'' (41 U.S.C. 10b). On the other hand, section 1605 only
requires the manufactured goods to be ``produced'' in the United
States. If Congress intended the component test to apply, it could have
easily so stated in section 1605.
Comments: In fact, a few respondents even suggested carrying the
component test further than the Buy American Act interpretation of the
50 percent domestic component test. A respondent stated that statutory
language could be interpreted to mean a 100 percent domestic content
requirement. Another respondent stated that, if OMB wanted to be
aggressive, it could write a rule with an even more stringent component
test (see Berry Amendment), especially with respect to textile and
apparel products.
Response: Even if section 1605 were not silent on the issue of a
100 percent domestic component requirement, it would be almost
impossible to comply with such a requirement in this current global
economy. It would cause immense difficulty to American manufacturers,
and section 1605 does not require it.
Comments: One respondent was confused about the waiver by the
Administrator of OFPP of the component test for COTS items because of
the technical correction made to FAR 25.001 by the interim rule. The
respondent noted that the interim rule amends FAR 25.001(c)(1) by
waiving the component test for commercially available off-the-shelf
items for all procurements, regardless of whether the procurement is
funded with Recovery Act funds.
Response: The interim rule did not introduce the component test
waiver for COTS items at FAR 25.001(c)(1). The final rule for that
change was published in the Federal Register at 74 FR 2713, January 15,
2009, and became effective February 17, 2009. However, the rationale
for that waiver may provide support for the decision that the component
test is not appropriate for implementation of the Recovery Act. The
Administrator of OFPP waived the component test of the Buy American Act
for COTS items because ``a waiver of the component test would allow a
COTS item to be treated as a domestic end product if it is manufactured
in the United States, without tracking the origin of its components.
Waiving only the component test of the Buy American Act for COTS items,
and still requiring the end product to be manufactured in the United
States, reduces significantly the administrative burden on contractors
and the associated cost to the Government.'' The FAR procedures for
evaluation of foreign offers in acquisitions of supplies covered by
trade agreements is predicated on agencies treating offers of U.S.-made
end products (i.e., offers that may not be domestic end products that
meet the component test of the Buy American Act) more like the agencies
treat eligible products (the trade agreements do not apply any
component test to eligible products from designated countries). Today's
markets are globally integrated with foreign components often
indistinguishable from domestic components. The difficulty in tracking
the country of origin of components is a disincentive for firms to
contract with the Government.
Comments: A number of respondents that agreed with not including
the component test for domestic products still requested a definition
of ``component'' in the rule.
Response: There are two basic definitions of ``component'' in the
FAR, at 2.101 and 25.003, and associated Buy American Act clauses. In
the final rule, there is no separate definition of component in FAR
subpart 25.6, so the definition at FAR 25.003 applies to FAR subpart
25.6. However, for increased clarity, the appropriate definition of
``component'' has been included in the FAR clauses at 52.225-21 and
52.225-23.
g. Summary Matrix of Requirements for Domestic Construction Material
The following matrix summarizes the requirements for domestic
construction material in projects that use Recovery Act funds.
Requirements for Domestic Construction Material in Projects That Use Recovery Act Funds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production of
Type of construction material Applicable construction Production of iron/ Production of
statute material steel other components
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufactured--wholly or Section 1605 of Manufacture in All processes in No requirement.
predominantly iron or steel. Recovery Act. U.S.. U.S. (except
steel additives).
Manufactured--not wholly or Section 1605 of Manufacture in No requirement.... No requirement.
predominantly iron or steel. Recovery Act. U.S..
Unmanufactured.................. Buy American Act.. Mined or produced XXX............... XXX.
in U.S..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Applicability of International Agreements
a. Trade Agreements
Comments: As provided by section 1605(d), the Recovery Act Buy
American provisions must be applied in a manner consistent with United
States obligations under international agreements. One respondent
requested that the final regulations should ensure compliance with
existing international obligations, but did not specify any
shortcomings in the interim rule in this regard. Another respondent
considered that the interim rule is creating great consternation with
our international trading partners and could lead them to retaliate
with their own protectionist measures. A third respondent claimed that
the interim rule did not ensure consistency with international
obligations.
Response: As required by section 1605, the FAR rule provides for
full compliance with U.S. obligations under all international trade
agreements when undertaking construction covered by such agreements
with Recovery Act funds. The new required provisions and clauses
implement U.S. obligations under our trade agreements in much the same
way as they are currently implemented in non-Recovery Act construction
contracts, with one exception. The Caribbean Basin countries are
excluded from the definition of ``Recovery Act designated country,''
because the treatment provided to them is not as a result of any U.S.
international obligation but is the result of a United States
initiative. The new cost evaluation standards do not apply to
manufactured construction material from Recovery Act designated
countries.
Comments: One respondent stated that, as drafted, the interim rule
implied that all construction material from Recovery Act designated
countries is exempt from the Recovery Act Buy
[[Page 53160]]
American requirements set forth in section 1605 and the Buy American
Act. This implication is inconsistent with the law because, according
to the respondent, not all Recovery Act designated country construction
material is exempt. FAR subpart 25.4 limits the foreign products
eligible for equal consideration with domestic offers. Even if end
products for resale or set asides for small business are produced in
Recovery Act designated countries, for example, they would not be
deemed eligible products per FAR subpart 25.4. Likewise, one respondent
pointed out that FAR subpart 25.4 does not apply to procurements set
aside for small businesses and requested clarification in the final
rule on continuation of this policy.
Response: The FAR subpart 25.4 exception for resale of end products
is inapplicable to construction contracts.
FAR subpart 25.4 states that it does not apply to acquisitions set
aside for small businesses. FAR 25.603(c) has a cross reference to FAR
subpart 25.4.
Comments: Two respondents considered that the situation created by
the interim rule with regard to sources of iron and steel is unfair.
Namely, designated countries have unrestricted ability to provide iron
and steel from anywhere, whereas domestic sources must provide iron and
steel melted in the United States. According to these respondents, this
would incentivize designated country steel firms to stop shipping slabs
to the U.S. and to substitute finished construction materials. The
result would be a loss of U.S. jobs in both the steel-finishing and
construction-material manufacturing sectors.
Response: In its trade agreements, the United States commits to
apply to products from designated countries the rule of origin that is
used in the normal course of trade between these countries, i.e.,
``wholly the product of'' or ``substantially transformed'' in the
designated country. In projects funded by the Recovery Act, we cannot
add new restrictions on the products of our trading partners that are
not applied to other procurements covered by our agreements.
Comments: A respondent recommended that the final FAR rule should
provide for the use of an inventory accounting methodology to determine
the origin of fungible goods that are commingled American and foreign
inventories. This respondent noted that NAFTA permits this methodology
to avoid unfairly disqualifying companies that produce eligible
products but commingle such products in inventories with foreign
products.
Response: The Recovery Act does not permit such methodology.
b. G20 Summit Pledge
Comments: The countries of the G20 stated at the summit that they
would refrain from raising new trade barriers to trade in goods and
services. According to various respondents, the new law and the interim
rule, by adding the restrictions on the production of iron and steel
and increasing the test for unreasonable costs, raise new barriers to
trade, even though the Recovery Act Buy American requirement must be
applied consistent with U.S. international obligations. A respondent
stated that overly restrictive implementation of the Recovery Act will
undermine the ability of the U.S. companies with global supply chains
to participate in the Recovery Act. According to a respondent, it will
lead to closed markets overseas to the detriment of American exports,
products, and jobs.
A respondent stated that ambiguities in the interim rule were open
to interpretation by Government agencies on multiple levels. In the
absence of examples of permissible procurement from foreign sources,
the business community must await test cases to determine whether, for
example, the letter of the law in terms of the WTO GPA signatory
exceptions to the exclusionary principles will truly apply. The
respondent believed that this ambiguity serves as a de facto obstacle
to foreign suppliers engaging in commerce or any form of business
alliance with American bidders.
A non-U.S. respondent stated that access to the U.S. procurement
market has been further limited in areas not covered by the WTO GPA.
Their preference would be non-application of the new requirements to
European Union member countries.
Two foreign respondents also wanted to emphasize that the United
States should uphold the G20 statement in implementing the Recovery Act
Buy American provisions. One stated that, for acquisitions below the
WTO GPA threshold of $7,443,000 for construction, the new
discriminatory procurement requirements would apply in relation to
goods from Recovery Act designated countries.
Response: These concerns essentially go back to the requirements of
section 1605 of the Recovery Act. The FAR rule must implement the law.
Section 1605 provides for application consistent with United States
obligations under international agreements. Pledges at the G20 Summit
do not constitute international agreements, as contemplated by section
1605. The FAR rule cannot create new exemptions.
4. Other Definitions
a. Construction Material
Comments: Three respondents stated that, in some circumstances, if
foreign pieces are delivered to the jobsite and assembled there instead
of being delivered as part of an assembled construction material, those
pieces would presumably be in violation. The respondents believe that
this rule will encourage or force some assemblies to be done offsite in
order to maintain compliance. They recommend allowing the contracting
officer some level of discretion.
Response: The definition of construction material in the rule as an
article, material, or supply brought to the construction site by the
contractor or subcontractor for incorporation into the building or work
is unchanged from the first sentence of the current FAR 25.003. That is
how Government construction subject to the FAR has worked for many
years.
Comments: One respondent further objected that the new FAR clause
52.225-23 included a definition of construction material that singles
out ``emergency life safety systems'' as discrete and complete,
allowing them to be evaluated as a single and distinct construction
material, regardless of how and when the parts or components are
delivered to the construction site. The respondent stated that there
are numerous other types of systems, such as environmental control
communications systems, that are integrated into the building in such a
fashion that warrant being treated in a similar manner that the FAR
should consider.
Response: This is the current FAR definition of construction
material (see, for example, FAR 52.225-9(a)).
b. Public Building or Public Work
Comment: A respondent stated that there is no definition or cross
reference for ``public building'' or ``public work.''
Response: The interim rule at FAR 25.602 referenced the definition
of ``public building or public work'' at FAR 22.401. For the definition
in the final rule, please see FAR 25.601.
c. Manufactured Construction Material/Unmanufactured Construction
Material
Comment: One respondent expressed concern that the definitions of
manufactured and unmanufactured create no clear standard for
determining
[[Page 53161]]
when a good is a domestic construction material.
Response: The standard for determining whether a good is a domestic
construction material is not found in the definitions of ``manufactured
construction material'' and ``unmanufactured construction material.''
It is found in the definition of ``domestic construction material'' at
FAR 25.601 and in the policy at FAR 25.602. In the final rule, the
Councils have expanded the definition of ``domestic construction
material'' at FAR 25.601 to include the more detailed standards
relating to iron and steel that were included in the policy statement.
5. Exceptions
a. Class Exceptions
Comment: One respondent posited that blanket waivers or broad
temporary waivers would be appropriate and should be broadly defined in
the FAR. Another respondent noted that the statute was changed during
conference to include, at paragraph (b), the phrase ``category of
cases'' for which section 1605 would not apply and wondered why the FAR
doesn't mention or take advantage of this language.
Response: The Councils note that neither the statute nor the FAR
precludes the use of class waivers in appropriate circumstances.
Comments: Four respondents stated that the FAR should include a de
minimis waiver in order to limit detrimental impacts of a very small-
value item preventing a company from providing an entire system on a
project. One respondent suggested a waiver for any construction
material that costs less than 10 percent of the entire project cost.
Another respondent believed that such minimal use should not trigger
the 25 percent evaluation factor because such de minimis usage will not
threaten the commercial viability of relevant U.S. industry. Two
respondents used the example of piping where specific gaskets and
fittings must be added on site and are not always manufactured
domestically.
Response: Because construction material is defined as the article,
material, or supply delivered to the construction site, and there is no
component test (except for iron or steel), it is not possible for the
delivery of an entire system to be considered non-domestic because of a
very small value foreign component of the system, as long as the
component is not delivered separately to the construction site.
Further, the clarification of ``produced in the United States''
(FAR 25.602(a)(1)) makes clear that iron and steel components will only
be tracked if the construction material is a manufactured construction
material that consists wholly or predominantly of iron or steel.
b. Public Interest
Comments: One respondent wanted a nationwide public interest waiver
issued to enable Recovery Act funds to be deployed now, when most
needed, rather than await publication of ``Buy American regulations.''
The respondent stated that ``(t)he U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has taken the prudent approach of using the `public interest'
exception to issue a nationwide waiver of the Recovery Act Buy American
requirement for State Revolving Loan Fund projects for which debt was
incurred between October 1, 2008 and February 17, 2009.''
Two respondents noted that the ``public interest'' exception does
not specify criteria for the agency head to use. One of these
respondents asked if there are special procedures that should be
included in the FAR.
Response: The Councils believe that the first comment is moot,
given that the Recovery Act regulations were published in the Federal
Register at 74 FR 14623, March 31, 2009. Further, the EPA class
exception referred to by the respondent was for State Revolving Loan
Fund projects, an area that is covered by the OMB guidance, not the
FAR.
With regard to the second comment, the Councils note that the
language for this exception is modeled on the public interest exception
currently in use for the Buy American Act at FAR 25.103(a). The public
interest exception may only be authorized by the agency head (with
power of redelegation) and is used infrequently. The FAR includes no
special procedures so that agency heads retain appropriate flexibility.
Comment: Another respondent wanted to know whether each State uses
the same criteria or procedures.
Response: The FAR is not used by State or local governments; it is
used by Federal agencies to contract with appropriated funds. Each
agency has a unique mission, and it would not be appropriate to require
them all to use the same criteria.
Comment: A respondent suggested that the public interest exception
be interpreted flexibly, considering economic efficiency and overall
quality of goods so that, ``even if non-American iron, steel, and
manufactured goods may not satisfy the 25 percent rule, they can still
be accepted under the public interest exception.''
Response: The public interest exception is designed to be used
flexibly and only as a last resort when the nonavailability or
unreasonable cost exceptions do not fit. However, it is not designed to
circumvent the new statutory standards for determination of
unreasonable cost of domestic construction material.
c. Nonavailability
Comments: Four respondents queried the nonavailability waiver at
FAR 25.603. One of these respondents believed that the nonavailability
exception should be modified to require consideration of the
geographical scope of the market in which production takes place so
that foreign products are not unfairly discriminated against.
Response: The Councils disagree. The statute contained no such
provision, and to add one now would contradict the intention of the
U.S. Congress in enacting the Recovery Act. The statute provides an
exception for nonavailability of domestic manufactured construction
material. This does not result in any discrimination against foreign
construction material, but actually allows the purchase of foreign
construction material when domestic manufactured construction material
is unavailable.
Comment: Another respondent recommended that the final rule provide
for a time-limited, streamlined process for issuing nonavailability
waivers.
Response: The reason for issuing a nonavailability exception is
that the items in question are truly not available ``in the United
States in sufficient and reasonably available commercial quantities of
a satisfactory quality.'' (FAR 25.603(a)(1)). The Councils believe that
contracting officers should not unfairly rush the process of
determining whether these conditions apply to an item.
Comment: Another point of view expressed by a respondent was that
the final rule should require an offeror proposing a nonavailability
waiver to provide, in addition to the items already listed, the
following: (1) Supplier information or pricing information from a
reasonable number of domestic suppliers indicating availability/
delivery date for construction materials, (2) information documenting
efforts to find available domestic sources, (3) a project schedule, and
(4) relevant excerpts from project plans, specifications, and permits
indicating the required quantity and quality of construction materials.
This respondent also requested that the contract list all foreign
material
[[Page 53162]]
used, including construction material from designated countries.
Response: The Councils' intention was to use the same requirements
for this exception as have been used for Buy American Act non-
availability determinations for some 15 years. It would be an
unnecessary burden to list designated country construction material,
because section 1605 requires compliance with trade agreements, and
there is no restriction on the use of designated country construction
material when trade agreements apply.
Comment: A respondent noted that it seems inconsistent, if
designated country materials are not considered foreign construction
items, not to consider them when making the determinations in FAR
25.603(a) and (b).
Response: Designated country material is considered to be foreign.
d. Unreasonable Cost
Comment: One respondent stated that ``it is quite apparent that a
preference for offers excluding foreign construction material lacks the
necessary legal justification and constitutes an obvious prejudice
against foreign construction material.''
Response: The Councils disagree. The paragraphs in the solicitation
provisions on evaluation of offers (FAR clauses 52.225-22(c) and
52.225-24(c)) clearly state that the preference is for an offer that
does not include foreign construction material excepted at the request
of the offeror on the basis of unreasonable cost. This does not
constitute a prejudice against all foreign construction material.
Inclusion of Recovery Act designated country construction material will
not cause the Government to discriminate against an offer. This is in
accordance with the law, as promulgated by the U.S. Congress and
applied consistent with U.S. international obligations.
Comments: Two respondents stated that the evaluation of foreign
construction materials, and the authority provided to submit alternate
offers with equivalent domestic material, constitutes a prejudice
against foreign construction material.
Response: The Councils disagree and note that the FAR is
implementing U.S. law. Further, the implementation scheme is fully
compliant with U.S. international agreements.
Comments: Two respondents commented that the 25 percent evaluation
factor likely renders the unreasonable cost exception moot because it
is so high that it will be impossible to meet.
Response: The Councils had no discretion about the requirement to
add 25 percent to the contract cost when foreign iron, steel, or
manufactured goods are proposed to be used in a construction project or
public work. The factor is specifically required by the language of
section 1605(b)(3) of Public Law 111-5.
Comment: Another respondent suggested that the table at FAR 52.225-
23(d) should include another category entitled ``Recovery Act
designated country material.''
Response: The respondent gave no reason for this suggestion, and
the Councils cannot accept the recommendation. The statute provides an
exception for unreasonable cost of domestic material, not for
unreasonable cost of designated country construction material. The
statute requires a comparison of the price differential between
domestic manufactured construction material (including iron and steel)
and foreign manufactured construction material (other than designated
country manufactured construction material). In an acquisition subject
to trade agreements, the material that is obtained from designated
countries is not part of the evaluation because it is not domestic
construction material.
6. Determinations That an Exception Applies
a. Process and Publication
Comments: Two respondents stated that the use of waivers should be
encouraged and simplified.
Response: The Councils have made the exception process as
streamlined as is possible within the terms of the statute. Agencies
already have authority to use class exceptions.
Comments: Two respondents believed that the specific two-week
timeframe for publication of a waiver in the Federal Register should be
replaced with language requiring publication in the fastest practicable
manner. In addition, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP)
requested that a copy of the nonavailability determination be provided
to the OFPP Administrator.
Response: The statute specifically called for publication in the
Federal Register (Pub. L. 111-5, section 1605(c)). However, the law
does not set a time frame for such publication. The Councils agree with
the respondents that timely publication is desirable, but the Federal
Register often must accommodate workload priorities that are out of the
control of contracting officers. Therefore, FAR 25.603(b)(2) is revised
to require the agency head to provide the notice to the Federal
Register within 3 business days after the determination is made. Except
in unusual workload circumstances, this change should result in
publication in the Federal Register in less than 2 weeks.
The final rule includes, at FAR 25.603(b), a requirement to provide
to the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy and to the Recovery
Accountability and Transparency Board a copy of a determination made in
accordance with FAR 25.603(a) concurrent with its provision to the
Federal Register.
Comments: Six respondents demanded that OMB provide full
transparency in the process of obtaining waivers of section 1605's
application by requiring that all waiver requests be posted publicly on
line. Several of these respondents wanted the waiver request to be
posted promptly and publicly on line (the internet or Recovery.gov);
one wanted the waiver request to be posted within 3 days of its
receipt; and one respondent wanted waiver requests to be e-mailed to
any trade associations and domestic manufacturers desiring to be on an
alert list.
Response: While section 1605 does require publication of exceptions
made to the requirement to use U.S.-produced iron, steel, and
manufactured goods used in the project, there is no requirement in the
statute to publish requests for an exception. Therefore, no change is
being made to the FAR to introduce such a requirement.
Comment: One respondent considered that FAR 25.604(a) confuses
inapplicability with exceptions and appears to refer to one of the
exceptions as a rationale for that ``inapplicability'' determination.
The respondent believed that the concept of the Buy American clause not
being applicable is distinct from a situation where the Buy American
clause may apply, but an exception has been granted.
Response: The FAR language for this case uses the exact wording
from the current FAR Buy American Act coverage. Contracting officers
are not waiving section 1605 of the Recovery Act or the Buy American
Act, but determining whether an exception applies, and then, if an
exception does apply, determining that section 1605 of the Recovery Act
or the Buy American Act is inapplicable.
b. Requests for Specific Exceptions
Comments: Three respondents stated that the recent addition of
commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) items to exceptions from the Buy
American Act for construction materials (FAR 25.225-9
[[Page 53163]]
and -11) and the exception at FAR 25.103(e) for commercial information
technology (IT) should be available for Recovery Act-funded
construction projects.
Response: The Councils do not agree. The COTS item exception only
exempts COTS items from the component test of the Buy American Act.
This rule does not apply a component test to any of the manufactured
construction material subject to section 1605 of the Recovery Act
except iron and steel. By definition, unmanufactured construction
material does not have components.
With regard to the commercial IT exception, it applies only to the
Buy American Act. The Recovery Act exceptions are explicitly stated in
section 1605 and are not identical to the Buy American Act exceptions.
Comments: Two respondents requested that commercial items, as a
category, be exempt from coverage under section 1605.
Response: The Councils decline to make this change, as the Congress
did not exempt commercial items from section 1605 applicability.
Comment: One of these respondents also asked that other typically
non-construction materials not primarily made of iron or steel be
excluded from coverage.
Response: The Councils do not understand the respondent's use of
the term ``other typically non-construction materials.'' The Councils
have used the standard FAR definition of ``construction material''
without change. Under this definition, if it is incorporated into a
public building or public work, then the material is construction
material.
Comment: One respondent recommended that the FAR waive application
of section 1605 for all manufactured goods not made primarily of iron
and steel.
Response: The Councils decline for the reason that the Congress
specifically included manufactured goods in the coverage of section
1605.
Comment: A respondent wanted the Councils to issue a class waiver
from the Buy American Act requirements for electronic fluorescent
lighting ballasts.
Response: The FAR includes, at FAR 25.104(a), a list of items that
have been determined nonavailable in accordance with FAR
25.103(b)(1)(i). A class determination made in accordance with the
above reference does not necessarily mean that there is no domestic
source for the listed items, but that domestic sources can only meet 50
percent or less of total U.S. Government and nongovernment demand. The
respondent is free to make a request for a class determination. In
addition, the offeror may request, and the contracting officer may
grant, an exception on an individual contract in accordance with FAR
25.603.
7. Exemption for Acquisitions Below the Simplified Acquisition
Threshold
Comments: Two respondents requested that the final rule exempt
purchases under the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT) from the
Recovery Act.
Response: The determination was made under the interim rule that
section 1605 of the Recovery Act would apply to all contracts,
including those below the SAT (see Interim Rule, Supplementary
Information, Section C (see Federal Register at 74 FR 14625, March 31,
2009)). The Councils remain committed to this position in order to
fully implement the goals of the Recovery Act. Therefore, any project,
of whatever dollar value, financed with Recovery Act funds is subject
to these limitations.
8. Remedies for Noncompliance
Comments: One respondent requested that the final rule include a
safe-harbor provision protecting companies receiving Recovery Act funds
without proper notice from the Government or the purchasing company.
Response: The Councils believe that this is unnecessary, given the
protections already built into the use of Recovery Act funds. First,
any appropriation of Recovery Act funds receives a special designation
that identifies it as Recovery Act money. In addition, FAR 4.1501,
5.704, and 5.705, along with the contract checklist issued by the
Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board, require contracting
officers to indicate, in the solicitation or award, which products or
services are funded under the Recovery Act.
Comment: One respondent stated that the regulations must provide
adequate remedies, such as debarment, for non-compliance with section
1605. It claimed that only such meaningful remedies can serve to deter
misbehavior.
Response: All of the usual remedies available through the FAR or
Federal law are equally available as remedies for noncompliance with
section 1605 regulations. No additional remedies are needed.
Comment: One respondent recommended replacing the requirement, at
FAR 25.607(c)(4), to refer apparent fraudulent noncompliance to ``the
agency's Inspector General'' rather than to ``other appropriate agency
officials.''
Response: This recommendation has been partially accepted. While
the agency Inspector General is available for referral of suspected
fraud, it is not the only option in this situation. FAR 25.607(c)(4) is
revised to include both the agency's Inspector General and other
possible officials.
9. Funding Mechanisms
a. Modifications to Existing Contracts
Comments: Three respondents strongly recommended that the Recovery
Act limitations should not be applied to task orders issued under
Governmentwide Acquisition Contracts (GWACs) or Multiple Award
Contracts (MACs).
Response: The Councils cannot make the change requested by these
respondents because the Recovery Act restrictions follow the
appropriations. Any construction project or public work funded with
Recovery Act money must comply with the restrictions in section 1605,
whether the contracting vehicle for the project is a contract or task
order.
b. Treatment of Mixed Funding
Comments: Seven respondents were concerned that the interim rule
failed to provide any clarity about how projects with mixed funding
(some Recovery Act funds and other Federal appropriations) would be
treated. Several respondents expressed a strong preference for treating
mixed-funded projects as not covered by the Recovery Act limitations.
Response: Given that the statute was designed so that the section
1605 limitations are tied to the source of funding, the Councils do not
have the option of complying with respondents' preference. Any Federal
construction or public works contract effort that is funded by any
funds, however miniscule, appropriated by the Recovery Act must, by
law, comply with the section 1605 requirements. However, the
regulations do provide that a contract may be funded with Recovery Act
funds and non-Recovery Act funds if the funds are properly segregated
by line item or sub-line item. In addition, contracting officers are
required to indicate, in the solicitation or award, which products or
services are funded under the Recovery Act. However, if the contracting
officer does not properly segregate Recovery Act and non-Recovery
funds, then the law requires the mixed-funded line items or contracts
to be treated as if they were entirely Recovery-Act funded. (See
discussion of ``project'' at 2.b. above and in the FAR text at 25.602-
1(c).)
[[Page 53164]]
10. Interim Rule Improper
Comment: One respondent believed it was inappropriate to publish an
interim rule, as it deprived interested parties of the right to
comment. The need to have rules available as soon as the Recovery Act
funds were made available to Federal agencies for obligation, according
to the respondent, was not a sufficient justification for the absence
of prior public comment.
Response: The Administration directed the Councils to publish an
interim rule in order to provide contracting agencies with the
necessary direction quickly. In any case, respondents were given an
opportunity to comment fully on the interim rule, and each comment has
been thoroughly considered by the Councils.
11. Inconsistencies Between This Rule and Pre-Existing FAR Rule and the
OMB Grants Guidance
a. Inconsistency With Pre-Existing FAR
Comments: One respondent objected that this rule will require well-
intentioned and compliant companies to establish yet more processes and
systems (many of which will be largely duplicative of existing Buy
American Act/Trade Agreements Act compliance requirements) to comply
with the Recovery Act. The respondent claimed that this creates
significant cost burdens and delays in construction projects. Another
respondent stated that any change in current supply chains made in
order to comply with this rule will limit competition, cause delays,
and increase costs. A respondent objected to the creation of yet
another list of designated countries.
Response: The Councils used pre-existing FAR language and processes
to the extent that it was possible to do so and still meet the
requirements of the Recovery Act. The Recovery Act also specified the
new requirements for iron and steel and the 25 percent contract
evaluation factor.
Recovery Act-designated countries were identified from the language
of the statute, the Committee report, and consultation with the United
States Trade Representative. Caribbean Basin countries were not
included as Recovery Act-designated countries because they are not
covered by an international agreement.
b. Inconsistency With the OMB Grants Guidance
Comments: Four respondents expressed a strong preference that the
final rule should have the closest possible alignment with the OMB
guidance governing grants under the Recovery Act.
One respondent noted that the OMB grants guidance includes examples
of ``public building.'' The respondent would like to know whether a
public building in the FAR is the same as a public building in the OMB
guidance.
Response: The Councils agree and note that the final rule was
developed in close coordination with OMB grant officials. The Councils
point out, however, that grants, financial assistance, and loans are
not subject to the Buy American Act. Therefore, the coverage cannot be
the same in these two regulations regarding unmanufactured construction
material. Further, the OMB guidance applies to all assistance
recipients, including States. Trade agreements do not apply uniformly
at the State level.
The final revised FAR provisions include the definition from FAR
22.401 and add examples of public buildings and public works from the
OMB grants guidance.
It is our understanding that the OMB grants coverage will be
conformed to the FAR terminology to use ``manufacture'' in lieu of
``substantially transformed.'' The Councils and OMB are not aware of
any other areas where the OMB guidance and this FAR rule are not
aligned.
Comment: One respondent requested that the Councils consider
requesting EPA, Federal Transit/Highways Administration, and other
agencies that have issued their own guidance to withdraw it.
Response: The Councils decline. There is no reason to request any
agency to withdraw contracting guidance that is in compliance with the
FAR.
Language in the Recovery Act exempted the Federal Highway
Administration (FHA) from section 1605. It is appropriate that FHA
maintain separate regulations.
12. Need for Additional Guidance
Comments: Two respondents stated that there is confusion about the
scope of applicability of this rule and requested that the FAR more
clearly spell out that contracting authorities are obliged to comply
with international commitments and request relevant and user-friendly
guidance.
Response: The Councils note that changes in the final rule have
differentiated projects that are subject to the Recovery Act rules from
projects that are subject to existing Buy American Act and trade
agreements requirements. The Councils have made it abundantly clear in
the final rule and this preamble that Federal agencies must comply with
international agreements when conducting procurements for Recovery Act
projects that are covered by such agreements.
Further, contracting authorities that do not comply with the FAR,
and thereby with international commitments, should be reported and are
subject to sanctions.
Comment: One of those respondents thought that the FAR does not
explain what regime must be followed in cases where an entity covered
by the World Trade Organization Government Procurement Agreement (WTO
GPA) conducts procurement jointly with an entity that is not covered by
the WTO GPA.
Response: If one entity in a joint procurement is covered by the
GPA or another international agreement, but another entity that is also
involved in the same procurement is not covered by the GPA or another
international agreement, the procurement will be conducted in a manner
that ensures that U.S. obligations under international agreements are
honored. That means that in such a case, products from Recovery Act
designated countries will not be subject to the restrictions of section
1605 of the Recovery Act.
C. Applicability to Contracts at or Below the Simplified Acquisition
Threshold
Section 4101 of Public Law 103-355, the Federal Acquisition
Streamlining Act (FASA) (41 U.S.C. 429), governs the applicability of
laws to contracts or subcontracts in amounts not greater than the
simplified acquisition threshold. It is intended to limit the
applicability of laws to them. FASA provides that if a provision of law
contains criminal or civil penalties, or if the Federal Acquisition
Regulatory Council makes a written determination that it is not in the
best interest of the Federal Government to exempt contracts or
subcontracts at or below the simplified acquisition threshold, the law
will apply to them.
The FAR Council determined, for the interim rule, that it should
apply to contracts or subcontracts at or below the simplified
acquisition threshold, as defined at FAR 2.101. The public comments
received did not cause the FAR Council to modify this position for the
final rule.
This is a significant regulatory action and, therefore, was subject
to review under Section 6(b) of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory
Planning and Review, dated September 30, 1993. This rule is not a major
rule under 5 U.S.C. 804.
[[Page 53165]]
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration certify that this
final rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities within the meaning of the Regulatory
Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601, et seq., because it will only impact an
offeror that wants to use non-U.S. iron, steel, and manufactured goods
in a construction project in the United States. The Councils stated in
the interim rule their belief that there are adequate domestic sources
for these materials, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
guidance M-09-10 issued February 18, 2009, entitled ``Initial
Implementing Guidance for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009,'' provides a strong preference for using small businesses for
Recovery Act projects wherever possible. No comments to the contrary
were received from small entities in response to the interim rule.
E. Paperwork Reduction Act
The Paperwork Reduction Act does apply; however, the information
collection requirements imposed by the FAR provisions 52.225-22 and
52.225-24 are currently covered by the approved information collection
requirements for FAR provisions 52.225-9 and 52.225-11 (OMB Control
number 9000-0141, entitled Buy America Act--Construction--FAR Sections
Affected: Subpart 25.2; 52.225-9; and 52.225-11). No public comments
were received regarding the data elements, the burden, or any other
part of the collection.
List of Subjects in 48 CFR Parts 2, 5, 25, and 52
Government procurement.
Dated: August 18, 2010.
Edward Loeb,
Director, Acquisition Policy Division.
0
Therefore, DoD, GSA, and NASA amend 48 CFR parts 2, 5, 25, and 52 as
set forth below:
0
1. The authority citation for 48 CFR parts 2, 5, 25, and 52 continues
to read as follows:
Authority: 40 U.S.C. 121(c); 10 U.S.C. chapter 137; and 42
U.S.C. 2473(c).
PART 2--DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS
0
2. Amend section 2.101 in paragraph (b)(2), in the definition
``Component'', by revising paragraphs (2) and (3); and adding paragraph
(4) to read as follows:
2.101 Definitons.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(2) * * *
Component * * *
(2) 52.225-1 and 52.225-3, see the definition in 52.225-1(a) and
52.225-3(a);
(3) 52.225-9 and 52.225-11, see the definition in 52.225-9(a) and
52.225-11(a); and
(4) 52.225-21 and 52.225-23, see the definition in 52.225-21(a) and
52.225-23(a).
* * * * *
PART 5--PUBLICIZING CONTRACT ACTIONS
5.207 [Amended]
0
3. Amend section 5.207 by removing from paragraph (c)(13)(iii) the word
``Other''.
PART 25--FOREIGN ACQUISITION
0
4. Amend section 25.001 by adding a new sentence to the end of
paragraph (c)(4) to read as follows:
25.001 General.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) * * * If the construction material consists wholly or
predominantly of iron or steel, the iron or steel must be produced in
the United States.
0
5. Amend section 25.003 by revising the definition ``Domestic
construction material'' to read as follows:
25.003 Definitions.
* * * * *
Domestic construction material means--
(1)(i) An unmanufactured construction material mined or produced in
the United States;
(ii) A construction material manufactured in the United States,
if--
(A) The cost of the components mined, produced, or manufactured in
the United States exceeds 50 percent of the cost of all its components.
Components of foreign origin of the same class or kind for which
nonavailability determinations have been made are treated as domestic;
or
(B) The construction material is a COTS item;
(2) Except that for use in subpart 25.6, see the definition in
25.601.
* * * * *
0
6. Revise section 25.600 to read as follows:
25.600 Scope of subpart.
This subpart implements section 1605 in Division A of the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5) (Recovery Act)
with regard to manufactured construction material and the Buy American
Act with regard to unmanufactured construction material. It applies to
construction projects that use funds appropriated or otherwise provided
by the Recovery Act.
0
7. Amend section 25.601 by revising the definition ``Domestic
construction material''; and adding, in alphabetical order, the
definition ``Public building or public work''.
The revised and added text reads as follows:
25.601 Definitions.
* * * * *
Domestic construction material means the following:
(1) An unmanufactured construction material mined or produced in
the United States. (The Buy American Act applies.)
(2) A manufactured construction material that is manufactured in
the United States and, if the construction material consists wholly or
predominantly of iron or steel, the iron or steel was produced in the
United States. (Section 1605 of the Recovery Act applies.)
* * * * *
Public building or public work means a building or work, the
construction, prosecution, completion, or repair of which is carried on
directly or indirectly by authority of, or with funds of, a Federal
agency to serve the interest of the general public regardless of
whether title thereof is in a Federal agency (see 22.401). These
buildings and works may include, without limitation, bridges, dams,
plants, highways, parkways, streets, subways, tunnels, sewers, mains,
power lines, pumping stations, heavy generators, railways, airports,
terminals, docks, piers, wharves, ways, lighthouses, buoys, jetties,
breakwaters, levees, and canals, and the construction, alteration,
maintenance, or repair of such buildings and works.
* * * * *
0
8. Revise section 25.602 to read as follows:
25.602 Policy.
25.602-1 Section 1605 of the Recovery Act.
Except as provided in 25.603--
(a) None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available by
the Recovery Act may be used for a project for the construction,
alteration, maintenance, or repair of a public building or public work
unless the
[[Page 53166]]
public building or public work is located in the United States and--
(1) All of the iron, steel, and manufactured goods used as
construction material in the project are produced or manufactured in
the United States.
(i) All manufactured construction material must be manufactured in
the United States.
(ii) Iron or steel components. (A) Iron or steel components of
construction material consisting wholly or predominantly of iron or
steel must be produced in the United States. This does not restrict the
origin of the elements of the iron or steel, but requires that all
manufacturing processes of the iron or steel must take place in the
United States, except metallurgical processes involving refinement of
steel additives.
(B) The requirement in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) of this section does
not apply to iron or steel components or subcomponents in construction
material that does not consist wholly or predominantly of iron or
steel.
(iii) All other components. There is no restriction on the origin
or place of production or manufacture of components or subcomponents
that do not consist of iron or steel.
(iv) Examples. (A) If a steel guardrail consists predominantly of
steel, even though coated with aluminum, then the steel would be
subject to the section 1605 restriction requiring that all stages of
production of the steel occur in the United States, in addition to the
requirement to manufacture the guardrail in the United States. There
would be no restrictions on the other components of the guardrail.
(B) If a wooden window frame is delivered to the site as a single
construction material, there is no restriction on any of the
components, including the steel lock on the window frame; or
(2) If trade agreements apply, the manufactured construction
material shall either comply with the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)
of this subsection, or be wholly the product of or be substantially
transformed in a Recovery Act designated country;
(b) Manufactured materials purchased directly by the Government and
delivered to the site for incorporation into the project shall meet the
same domestic source requirements as specified for manufactured
construction material in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section;
and
(c) A project may include several contracts, a single contract, or
one or more line items on a contract.
25.602-2 Buy American Act.
Except as provided in 25.603, use only unmanufactured construction
material mined or produced in the United States, as required by the Buy
American Act or, if trade agreements apply, unmanufactured construction
material mined or produced in a designated country may also be used.
0
9. Revise section 25.603 to read as follows:
25.603 Exceptions.
(a)(1) When one of the following exceptions applies, the
contracting officer may allow the contractor to incorporate foreign
manufactured construction materials without regard to the restrictions
of section 1605 of the Recovery Act or foreign unmanufactured
construction material without regard to the restrictions of the Buy
American Act:
(i) Nonavailability. The head of the contracting activity may
determine that a particular construction material is not mined,
produced, or manufactured in the United States in sufficient and
reasonably available commercial quantities of a satisfactory quality.
The determinations of nonavailability of the articles listed at
25.104(a) and the procedures at 25.103(b)(1) also apply if any of those
articles are acquired as construction materials.
(ii) Unreasonable cost. The contracting officer concludes that the
cost of domestic construction material is unreasonable in accordance
with 25.605.
(iii) Inconsistent with public interest. The head of the agency may
determine that application of the restrictions of section 1605 of the
Recovery Act to a particular manufactured construction material, or the
restrictions of the Buy American Act to a particular unmanufactured
construction material would be inconsistent with the public interest.
(2) In addition, the head of the agency may determine that
application of the Buy American Act to a particular unmanufactured
construction material would be impracticable.
(b) Determinations. When a determination is made, for any of the
reasons stated in this section, that certain foreign construction
materials may be used--
(1) The contracting officer shall list the excepted materials in
the contract; and
(2) For determinations with regard to the inapplicability of
section 1605 of the Recovery Act, unless the construction material has
already been determined to be domestically nonavailable (see list at
25.104), the head of the agency shall provide a notice to the Federal
Register within three business days after the determination is made,
with a copy to the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy and to
the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board. The notice shall
include--
(i) The title ``Buy American Exception under the American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act of 2009'';
(ii) The dollar value and brief description of the project; and
(iii) A detailed justification as to why the restriction is being
waived.
(c) Acquisitions under trade agreements. (1) For construction
contracts with an estimated acquisition value of $7,804,000 or more,
also see subpart 25.4. Offers proposing the use of construction
material from a designated country shall receive equal consideration
with offers proposing the use of domestic construction material.
(2) For purposes of applying section 1605 of the Recovery Act to
evaluation of manufactured construction material, designated countries
do not include the Caribbean Basin Countries.
0
10. Amend section 25.604 by revising paragraph (c)(1), and by removing
from paragraph (c)(2) ``the unmanufactured'' and adding ``the domestic
unmanufactured'' in its place.
The revised text reads as follows:
25.604 Preaward determination concerning the inapplicability of
section 1605 of the Recovery Act or the Buy American Act.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) Manufactured construction material. The contracting officer
must compare the offered price of the contract using foreign
manufactured construction material (i.e., any construction material not
manufactured in the United States, or construction material consisting
predominantly of iron or steel and the iron or steel is not produced in
the United States) to the estimated price if all domestic manufactured
construction material were used. If use of domestic manufactured
construction material would increase the overall offered price of the
contract by more than 25 percent, then the contracting officer shall
determine that the cost of the domestic manufactured construction
material is unreasonable.
* * * * *
0
11. Amend section 25.605 by--
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (b) through (d) as paragraphs (c) through
(e);
0
c. Adding a new paragraph (b); and
[[Page 53167]]
0
d. Removing from the newly designated paragraph (c) ``If two'' and
adding ``Unless paragraph (b) applies, if two'' in its place.
The revised and added text reads as follows:
25.605 Evaluating offers of foreign construction material.
(a) * * *
(1) Use an evaluation factor of 25 percent, applied to the total
offered price of the contract, if foreign manufactured construction
material is incorporated in the offer based on an exception for
unreasonable cost of comparable domestic construction material
requested by the offeror.
(2) In addition, use an evaluation factor of 6 percent applied to
the cost of foreign unmanufactured construction material incorporated
in the offer based on an exception for unreasonable cost of comparable
domestic unmanufactured construction material requested by the offeror.
(b) If the solicitation specifies award on the basis of factors in
addition to cost or price, apply the evaluation factors as specified in
paragraph (a) of this section and use the evaluated price in
determining the offer that represents the best value to the Government.
* * * * *
0
12. Amend section 25.607 by revising paragraph (c)(4) to read as
follows:
25.607 Noncompliance.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(4) If the noncompliance is sufficiently serious, consider
exercising appropriate contractual remedies, such as terminating the
contract for default. Also consider preparing and forwarding a report
to the agency suspending or debarring official in accordance with
subpart 9.4. If the noncompliance appears to be fraudulent, refer the
matter to other appropriate agency officials, such as the agency's
inspector general or the officer responsible for criminal
investigation.
0
13. Amend section 25.1102 by redesignating paragraph (e)(2) as
paragraph (e)(3); adding a new paragraph (e)(2); and revising the newly
designated paragraph (e)(3) to read as follows:
25.1102 Acquisition of construction.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(2) If these Recovery Act provisions and clauses are only
applicable to a project consisting of certain line items in the
contract, identify in the schedule the line items to which the
provisions and clauses apply.
(3) When using clause 52.225-23, list foreign construction material
in paragraph (b)(3) of the clause as follows:
(i) Basic clause. List all foreign construction materials excepted
from the Buy American Act or section 1605 of the Recovery Act, other
than manufactured construction material from a Recovery Act designated
country or unmanufactured construction material from a designated
country.
(ii) Alternate I. List in paragraph (b)(3) of the clause all
foreign construction material excepted from the Buy American Act or
section 1605 of the Recovery Act, other than--
(A) Manufactured construction material from a Recovery Act
designated country other than Bahrain, Mexico, or Oman; or
(B) Unmanufactured construction material from a designated country
other than Bahrain, Mexico, or Oman.
PART 52--SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES
0
14. Amend section 52.225-21 by--
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising the heading and the date of the clause;
0
c. In paragraph (a) by--
0
1. Adding, in alphabetical order, the definition ``Component'';
0
2. Removing the last sentence from the definition ``Construction
material''; and
0
3. Revising the definition ``Domestic construction material''; and
0
d. Revising paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), and (b)(4).
The revised and added text reads as follows:
52.225-21 Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured
Goods--Buy American Act--Construction Materials.
* * * * *
Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods--Buy
American Act--Construction Materials (Oct 2010)
(a) * * *
Component means an article, material, or supply incorporated
directly into a construction material.
* * * * *
Domestic construction material means the following--
(1) An unmanufactured construction material mined or produced in
the United States. (The Buy American Act applies.)
(2) A manufactured construction material that is manufactured in
the United States and, if the construction material consists wholly
or predominantly of iron or steel, the iron or steel was produced in
the United States. (Section 1605 of the Recovery Act applies.)
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) Section 1605 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
of 2009 (Recovery Act) (Pub. L. 111-5), by requiring, unless an
exception applies, that all manufactured construction material in
the project is manufactured in the United States and, if the
construction material consists wholly or predominantly of iron or
steel, the iron or steel was produced in the United States (produced
in the United States means that all manufacturing processes of the
iron or steel must take place in the United States, except
metallurgical processes involving refinement of steel additives);
and
(ii) The Buy American Act (41 U.S.C. 10a-10d) by providing a
preference for unmanufactured construction material mined or
produced in the United States over unmanufactured construction
material mined or produced in a foreign country.
* * * * *
(4) The Contracting Officer may add other foreign construction
material to the list in paragraph (b)(3) of this clause if the
Government determines that--
(i) The cost of domestic construction material would be
unreasonable;
(A) The cost of domestic manufactured construction material,
when compared to the cost of comparable foreign manufactured
construction material, is unreasonable when the cumulative cost of
such material will increase the cost of the contract by more than 25
percent;
(B) The cost of domestic unmanufactured construction material is
unreasonable when the cost of such material exceeds the cost of
comparable foreign unmanufactured construction material by more than
6 percent;
(ii) The construction material is not mined, produced, or
manufactured in the United States in sufficient and reasonably
available quantities and of a satisfactory quality;
(iii) The application of the restriction of section 1605 of the
Recovery Act to a particular manufactured construction material
would be inconsistent with the public interest or the application of
the Buy American Act to a particular unmanufactured construction
material would be impracticable or inconsistent with the public
interest.
* * * * *
0
15. Amend section 52.225-22 by--
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising the heading and the date of the provision;
0
c. Removing from paragraph (a) the word ``Other'';
0
d. In paragraph (c) by--
0
1. Adding in paragraph (c)(1) introductory text ``in accordance with
FAR 25.604'' after the word ``applies'';
0
2. Revising paragraph (c)(1)(i);
0
3. Adding in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) ``an exception for the'' after the
words ``based on''; and
0
4. Redesignating paragraph (c)(2) as paragraph (c)(3); adding a new
paragraph (c)(2); and revising the newly designated paragraph (c)(3);
and
0
e. Removing from paragraph (d)(1) ``paragraph (b)(2)'' and adding
``paragraph (b)(3)'' in its place.
[[Page 53168]]
The revised and added text reads as follows:
52.225-22 Notice of Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and
Manufactured Goods--Buy American Act--Construction Materials.
* * * * *
Notice of Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured
Goods--Buy American Act--Construction Materials (Oct 2010)
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) * * *
(i) 25 percent of the offered price of the contract, if foreign
manufactured construction material is incorporated in the offer
based on an exception for unreasonable cost of comparable
manufactured domestic construction material; and
* * * * *
(2) If the solicitation specifies award on the basis of factors
in addition to cost or price, the Contracting Officer will apply the
evaluation factors as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this
provision and use the evaluated price in determining the offer that
represents the best value to the Government.
(3) Unless paragraph (c)(2) of this provision applies, if two or
more offers are equal in price, the Contracting Officer will give
preference to an offer that does not include foreign construction
material excepted at the request of the offeror on the basis of
unreasonable cost of comparable domestic construction material.
* * * * *
0
16. Amend section 52.225-23 by--
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising the heading and the date of the clause;
0
c. In paragraph (a) by--
0
1. Adding, in alphabetical order, the definitions ``Component'',
``Designated country'', ``Designated country construction material'',
and ``Nondesignated country'';
0
2. Removing the last sentence from the definition ``Construction
material'';
0
3. Revising the definition ``Domestic construction material''; and
0
4. Removing from the definition ``Recovery Act designated country''
paragraph (2) the word ``Israel,'';
0
d. Revising paragraph (b);
0
e. Revising paragraph (c)(3);
0
f. Removing from the table heading in paragraph (d) ``Foreign and'' and
adding ``Foreign (Nondesignated Country) and'' in its place; and
0
g. In Alternate I by--
0
i. Revising the date of the alternate; and
0
ii. Revising paragraph (b).
The revised and added text reads as follows:
52.225-23 Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured
Goods--Buy American Act--Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements.
* * * * *
Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured Goods--Buy
American Act--Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements (Oct 2010)
(a) * * *
Component means an article, material, or supply incorporated
directly into a construction material.
* * * * *
Designated country means any of the following countries:
(1) A World Trade Organization Government Procurement Agreement
(WTO GPA) country (Aruba, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Korea (Republic of), Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore,
Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, or
United Kingdom);
(2) A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) country (Australia, Bahrain,
Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Morocco, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, or
Singapore);
(3) A least developed country (Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh,
Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African
Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti,
East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger,
Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen, or
Zambia); or
(4) A Caribbean Basin country (Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba,
Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Dominica,
Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles,
St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, or
Trinidad and Tobago).
Designated country construction material means a construction
material that is a WTO GPA country construction material, an FTA
country construction material, a least developed country
construction material, or a Caribbean Basin country construction
material.
Domestic construction material means the following:
(1) An unmanufactured construction material mined or produced in
the United States. (The Buy American Act applies.)
(2) A manufactured construction material that is manufactured in
the United States and, if the construction material consists wholly
or predominantly of iron or steel, the iron or steel was produced in
the United States. (Section 1605 of the Recovery Act applies.)
* * * * *
Nondesignated country means a country other than the United
States or a designated country.
* * * * *
(b) Construction materials. (1) The restrictions of section 1605
of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-
5) (Recovery Act) do not apply to Recovery Act designated country
manufactured construction material. The restrictions of the Buy
American Act do not apply to designated country unmanufactured
construction material. Consistent with U.S. obligations under
international agreements, this clause implements--
(i) Section 1605 of the Recovery Act by requiring, unless an
exception applies, that all manufactured construction material in
the project is manufactured in the United States and, if the
construction material consists wholly or predominantly of iron or
steel, the iron or steel was produced in the United States (produced
in the United States means that all manufacturing processes of the
iron or steel must take place in the United States, except
metallurgical processes involving refinement of steel additives);
and
(ii) The Buy American Act by providing a preference for
unmanufactured construction material mined or produced in the United
States over unmanufactured construction material mined or produced
in a nondesignated country.
(2) The Contractor shall use only domestic construction
material, Recovery Act designated country manufactured construction
material, or designated country unmanufactured construction material
in performing this contract, except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)
and (b)(4) of this clause.
(3) The requirement in paragraph (b)(2) of this clause does not
apply to the construction materials or components listed by the
Government as follows:
[Contracting Officer to list applicable excepted materials or
indicate ``none''.]
(4) The Contracting Officer may add other construction material
to the list in paragraph (b)(3) of this clause if the Government
determines that--
(i) The cost of domestic construction material would be
unreasonable;
(A) The cost of domestic manufactured construction material is
unreasonable when the cumulative cost of such material, when
compared to the cost of comparable foreign manufactured construction
material, other than Recovery Act designated country construction
material, will increase the overall cost of the contract by more
than 25 percent;
(B) The cost of domestic unmanufactured construction material is
unreasonable when the cost of such material exceeds the cost of
comparable foreign unmanufactured construction material, other than
designated country construction material, by more than 6 percent;
(ii) The construction material is not mined, produced, or
manufactured in the United States in sufficient and reasonably
available commercial quantities of a satisfactory quality; or
(iii) The application of the restriction of section 1605 of the
Recovery Act to a particular manufactured construction
[[Page 53169]]
material would be inconsistent with the public interest or the
application of the Buy American Act to a particular unmanufactured
construction material would be impracticable or inconsistent with
the public interest.
(c) * * *
(3) Unless the Government determines that an exception to
section 1605 of the Recovery Act or the Buy American Act applies,
use of foreign construction material other than manufactured
construction material from a Recovery Act designated country or
unmanufactured construction material from a designated country is
noncompliant with the applicable Act.
* * * * *
Alternate I (Oct 2010). * * *
(b) Construction materials. (1) The restrictions of section 1605
of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-
5) (Recovery Act) do not apply to Recovery Act designated country
manufactured construction material. The restrictions of the Buy
American Act do not apply to designated country unmanufactured
construction material. Consistent with U.S. obligations under
international agreements, this clause implements--
(i) Section 1605 of the Recovery Act, by requiring, unless an
exception applies, that all manufactured construction material in
the project is manufactured in the United States and, if the
construction material consists wholly or predominantly of iron or
steel, the iron or steel was produced in the United States (produced
in the United States means that all manufacturing processes of the
iron or steel must take place in the United States, except
metallurgical processes involving refinement of steel additives);
and
(ii) The Buy American Act by providing a preference for
unmanufactured construction material mined or produced in the United
States over unmanufactured construction material mined or produced
in a nondesignated country.
(2) The Contractor shall use only domestic construction
material, Recovery Act designated country manufactured construction
material, or designated country unmanufactured construction
material, other than Bahrainian, Mexican, or Omani construction
material, in performing this contract, except as provided in
paragraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) of this clause.
0
17. Amend section 52.225-24 by--
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Revising the heading and the date of the provision;
0
c. Removing from paragraph (a) the word ``Other''; and
0
d. Revising paragraph (c).
The revised text reads as follows:
52.225-24 Notice of Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and
Manufactured Goods--Buy American Act--Construction Materials Under
Trade Agreements.
* * * * *
Notice of Required Use of American Iron, Steel, and Manufactured
Goods--Buy American Act--Construction Materials Under Trade Agreements
(Oct 2010)
* * * * *
(c) Evaluation of offers. (1) If the Government determines that
an exception based on unreasonable cost of domestic construction
material applies in accordance with FAR 25.604, the Government will
evaluate an offer requesting exception to the requirements of
section 1605 of the Recovery Act or the Buy American Act by adding
to the offered price of the contract--
(i) 25 percent of the offered price of the contract, if foreign
manufactured construction material is included in the offer based on
an exception for the unreasonable cost of comparable manufactured
domestic construction material; and
(ii) 6 percent of the cost of foreign unmanufactured
construction material included in the offer based on an exception
for the unreasonable cost of comparable domestic unmanufactured
construction material.
(2) If the solicitation specifies award on the basis of factors
in addition to cost or price, the Contracting Officer will apply the
evaluation factors as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this
provision and use the evaluated cost or price in determining the
offer that represents the best value to the Government.
(3) Unless paragraph (c)(2) of this provision applies, if two or
more offers are equal in price, the Contracting Officer will give
preference to an offer that does not include foreign construction
material excepted at the request of the offeror on the basis of
unreasonable cost.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2010-21027 Filed 8-27-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6820-EP-P