(a) Public-Private Competition. (1) No function of the Department of Defense performed by Department of Defense civilian employees may be converted, in whole or in part, to performance by a contractor unless the conversion is based on the results of a public-private competition that

(A) formally compares the cost of performance of the function by Department of Defense civilian employees with the cost of performance by a contractor; [and]

(B) creates an agency tender, including a most efficient organization plan, in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Circular A-76, as implemented on May 29, 2003, or any successor circular . . . .

10 U.S.C.A sect. 2461(a) (West Supp. 2010) (underlining added).

In this regard, the referenced May 29, 2003 version of OMB Circular A-76 provides the following definition of the term "civilian employee," stating:

Civilian Employee. An individual who works for a federal agency on an appointment without time limitation who is paid from appropriated funds, which includes working capital funds. A foreign national employee, temporary employee, term employee, non-appropriated fund employee, or uniformed personnel is not included in this definition.

(Words deleted)

Santry's protest is based on his representation of both non-appropriated fund employees and appropriated fund, wage grade employees who are currently performing activities that fall within the scope of the solicitation's statement of work. Santry asserts that both groups of employees are "civilian employees" and, thus, subject to the protections of 10 U.S.C. sect. 2461. Accordingly, Santry asserts that the Air Force's ongoing efforts to award a contract for the functions performed by either group of employees triggers the statutory requirement to conduct a public‑private competition. We disagree.

Non-Appropriated Fund Employees

As discussed above, the statutory provisions of 10 U.S.C. sect. 2461 expressly reference the most recent version of Circular A-76, as revised in May 2003, and directs that agencies perform certain activities "in accordance with" that Circular. Accordingly, in interpreting the provisions of 10 U.S.C. sect. 2461, we consider and apply the provisions of the referenced Circular.

As also discussed above, Circular A-76 expressly defines the term "civilian employee" to exclude non-appropriated fund employees, unambiguously stating: "A . . . non‑appropriated fund employee . . . is not included in this definition." Santry has made various arguments, essentially maintaining that we should not apply this unambiguous definition.[8] We have considered all of Santry's arguments and find no basis to ignore the plain language definition of "civilian employee" discussed above.

Accordingly, the statutory requirement to conduct public-private competitions is not triggered by the agency's procurement actions to "outsource" functions that are being performed by non-appropriated fund employees. To the extent Santry's protest is based on the agency's ongoing actions to award a contract for functions currently performed by non-appropriated fund employees, the agency's decision not to conduct a public-private competition does not violate the statutory requirements of 10 U.S.C. sect. 2461, and Santry's protest fails to state a valid basis.

Appropriated Fund, Wage Grade Employees

As noted above, the record indicates there are 18 appropriated fund, wage grade employees who are performing functions that fall within the scope of the solicitation. Following submission of Santry's protest, the agency took what it acknowledged was "corrective action," amending the solicitation to state:

Appropriated fund Wage Grade (WG) employees will be considered within the military structure. No WG employee will be displaced, reassigned, subjected to reduction in force, or otherwise adversely affected by the implementation of FTI phase I.

Letter to Offerors, June 30, 2010, para.1.a.

Consistent with this solicitation amendment, the agency states that the appropriated fund employees currently performing functions within the scope of the solicitation "will continue to be employed in the respective facilities and will work alongside military members and the contractor's employees in providing food services." Contracting Officer's Statement at 2. The agency elaborates that such employees "will continue to report to and remain under the operational control of the Force Support Squadron commander, but may receive tactical direction from the contractor." Id. at 3.

Notwithstanding the agency's corrective action and representations, Santry continues to assert that the agency's procurement of the solicited services from private-sector contractors, without conducting a public-private competition, violates the provisions of 10 U.S.C. sect. 2461. Specifically, while acknowledging that "the agency does not plan to fire these employees at this time or reassign them to non‑food service positions," Santry nonetheless continues to assert that the appropriated fund employees "will be affected in terms of duties assigned, supervision, functions performed, pay and benefits, and work locations." Protester's Response to Motion to Dismiss, July 12, 2010, at 11.

For example, Santry complains, among other things, that "insertion of a contractor into a supervisory role of any kind over [appropriated fund] employees will cause great confusion." Id. Similarly, Santry asserts that the food service functions performed by the employees will change, noting that "[c]urrently, the Wage Grade 8 cooks develop new recipes or revise current recipes, independently plan and coordinate the preparation of entire meals, perform kitchen management, and provide guidance to lower grade civilian and military cooks." Id. at 13. Santry complains that, following award of a contract, the cooks "will be unlikely to develop new recipes and not called upon to prepare entire meals, perform kitchen management, or provide guidance to lower grade cooks," thus "put[ting] them at risk for being downgraded." Id. Finally, Santry asserts that the various facilities' hours of operation could change under contract management, thereby changing the work hours or assigned location of the employees. Id. at 13-14. Based on these arguments, Santry asserts that the appropriated fund employees will be "adversely affected." Id. at 14.

Our Office has previously considered protests that similarly challenge an agency's alleged conversion of government functions to contractor performance. In Mark Whetstone--Designated Employee Agent, B-311284, May 9, 2008, 2008 CPD para. 93, we considered a protest challenging the Department of Homeland Security's issuance of a solicitation to process that agency's backlog of Freedom of Information Act requests--services that were then being performed exclusively by government employees. There, as here, the record established that the jobs of the employees performing those services were not at risk; rather, the agency was seeking to supplement the existing federal employee workforce. We concluded that there was no conversion of work to the private sector since the federal employees' jobs were not at stake. Id. at 5-6; see also B.R. Hardison--Designated Employee Agent, B‑311275, May 29, 2008, 2008 CPD para. 145 at 3 (where no federal employee jobs are at risk, there is no prejudice to the protester).

Similarly, in Bernard Humbles--Designated Employee Agent, B-401349, June 8, 2009, 2009 CPD para. 125, we considered a protest challenging the Department of Veterans Affairs decision to contract for headstone setting services at a National Cemetery--a task that was included within the job descriptions of federal employee cemetery caretakers. There, as here, the record established that none of the employees at issue would be "displaced, reassigned, subject to reduction in force, or otherwise adversely affected by the management's decision to contract out [the services]." Id. at 3. In dismissing that protest, we specifically acknowledged that "the array of day-to-day tasks performed by the [federal employees] will change to some degree as a consequence of the agency's decision to use a contractor to perform headstone setting work," but noted that the employees would remain employed and would continue to perform other aspects of their job descriptions. Id. at 4. While further noting that "an agency's decision to fundamentally change the nature of the work performed by federal employees coupled with its decision to hire a contractor could rise to the level of a conversion," we concluded that the changes contemplated were insufficient to reach that level. Id.

Here, as discussed above, the agency has amended the solicitation to expressly provide that the appropriated fund employees currently performing functions within the scope of the solicitation will not be "displaced, reassigned, subjected to reduction in force, or otherwise adversely affected" thus ensuring that the appropriated fund employees' jobs are not at risk. Santry acknowledges that, in his words, the agency "does not plan to fire" the employees, nor to reassign them to non-food service positions. We have considered all of Santry's assertions regarding the potential changes that may occur, and conclude that the types of changes reasonably contemplated by the agency's procurement actions do not rise to the level of a conversion. Accordingly, to the extent Santry's protest is based on the alleged conversion of the functions performed by appropriated fund employees to contractor performance, the protest fails to state a valid basis.

In summary, we conclude that: (1) the statutory requirements codified at 10 U.S.C. sect. 2461 regarding conversion of functions performed by "civilian employees" are not applicable to functions performed by non-appropriated fund employees, since OMB Circular A-76 (May 23, 2003), expressly excludes non-appropriated fund employees from the definition of "civilian employees"; and (2) where the agency has amended the solicitation to provide that no appropriated fund employee will be "displaced, reassigned, subjected to reduction in force, or otherwise adversely affected," the agency's ongoing procurement actions do not constitute conversion of the functions performed by those employees to private sector performance.

The protest is denied.  (John P. Santry--Designated Employee Agent, B-402827, August 2, 2010)  (pdf)